Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, ranking as the second most frequent globally with over 1.4 million cases diagnosed in 2020. The median diagnosis age is 66, and advancements in treatment have improved survival rates. However, disparities in healthcare access remain a concern.
India offers advanced medical technology, experienced cancer specialists, and cost-effective treatment, making it a preferred destination for prostate cancer care.
What is the Prostate Gland?
The prostate gland is a small, walnut-shaped organ in the male reproductive system, located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It plays a key role in seminal fluid production, hormone regulation, and sperm motility.
What is Prostate Cancer and its Symptoms?
Prostate cancer occurs due to abnormal cell growth in the prostate, forming tumors that may spread. Types include:
- Adenocarcinoma (95% of cases) – Slow-growing, most common.
- Small cell carcinoma – Rare but aggressive.
- Transitional cell cancer – Develops from bladder cells.
- Rare types (sarcomas, carcinoid tumors, etc.).
Symptoms:
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Weak urine stream
- Pain during urination or ejaculation
- Blood in urine or semen
- Advanced stages: Pain in lower back, hips, bone fractures
Causes of Prostate Cancer
- Age: Risk increases significantly after 40, especially over 65.
- Genetics: Family history and mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and Lynch syndrome increase risk.
- Hormones: Elevated testosterone levels correlate with increased risk.
- Diet & Lifestyle: High red meat intake increases risk by 12%, while tomato-rich diets reduce risk by 23%.
- Chemical Exposure: Agent Orange exposure increases risk by 52%.
- Chronic Inflammation: Prostatitis history raises risk by 1.8 times.
How to Diagnose Prostate Cancer
- PSA Test: Measures prostate-specific antigen levels.
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Checks for lumps or hard areas.
- Biopsy: Tissue sample analysis.
- MRI & PSMA PET Scan: Advanced imaging for precise cancer detection.
- Genetic Testing: Identifies genetic predisposition.
Screening is recommended at age 55, or earlier for high-risk individuals.
Gleason Scoring System for Prostate Cancer
- Score 6 or lower: Low-grade, slow-growing.
- Score 7: Intermediate risk.
- Score 8-10: High-grade, aggressive cancer.
TNM Classification for Prostate Cancer
- T (Tumor): Stages from undetectable (T1) to invasive (T4).
- N (Node): N0 (no lymph node spread) to N1 (spread to lymph nodes).
- M (Metastasis): M0 (localized) to M1 (spread to distant organs).
Stages of Prostate Cancer
- Stage I: Small, localized, low-risk. (PSA <10 ng/mL, Gleason ≤6)
- Stage II: Larger tumor, confined to prostate. (PSA 10-20 ng/mL, Gleason 7)
- Stage III: Tumor extends beyond prostate. (PSA >20 ng/mL, Gleason 8+)
- Stage IV: Cancer has metastasized to other organs.
Prostate Cancer Treatment Options
Surgery
- Radical Prostatectomy: Removes prostate gland.
- TURP & TUEVP: Partial prostate removal for symptom relief.
Radiation Therapy
- IMRT: High-precision radiation therapy.
- SBRT: Fewer high-dose sessions.
- Proton Therapy: Uses charged protons to target cancer.
HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound)
- Non-invasive therapy using ultrasound to destroy cancer cells.
Hormone Therapy
- Suppresses testosterone to slow cancer growth.
Chemotherapy & Immunotherapy
- Used in advanced cases for aggressive cancer types.
Which Doctors and Hospitals Are Best for Prostate Cancer Treatment?
India is home to leading oncologists and top hospitals specializing in prostate cancer treatment, providing personalized and affordable care.
Preparing for Prostate Cancer Surgery
Patients undergo pre-surgical assessment, treatment planning, and post-surgical recovery guidelines for a seamless treatment experience.
Receive Comprehensive Prostate Cancer Care in India!
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Affordable Prostate Cancer Treatment in India: A Comprehensive Guide